¸¶Å©·ÎÆÄÁö(macrophage)´Â ½Åü Àüü¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ºÐÆ÷ÇÏ´Â ¼±Ãµ ¸é¿ª¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ÀÏÁ¾À¸·Î, ¿ÜºÎ¿¡¼ ħÀÔÇÑ º´¿ø±ÕÀ» ÀνÄÇÏ¸é ¿°Áõ¼º »çÀÌÅäÄ«ÀÎ(pro-inflammatory cytokines)À» ºÐºñÇØ ¿°Áõ¹ÝÀÀÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°°í ½Ä±ÕÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÅëÇØ º´¿ø±ÕÀ» Á¦°ÅÇÑ´Ù [1]. ¶ÇÇÑ, ¸¶Å©·ÎÆÄÁö´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸é¿ªÇÐÀû ±â´É»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¼ºÀåÀÎÀÚ¿Í Ç׿°Áõ¼º(anti-inflammatory) »çÀÌÅäÄ«ÀÎÀ» ºÐºñÇØ »óó¸¦ Ä¡À¯ÇÏ°í, ¼Õ»óµÈ Á¶Á÷À» Àç»ýÇÏ´Â ¿ªÇÒµµ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù [2]. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÁÖº¯ ȯ°æ¿¡ µû¶ó¼ Ç¥ÇöÇü°ú ±â´ÉÀÌ À¯¿¬ÇÏ°Ô º¯ÈÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÇöÀç´Â ¸¶Å©·ÎÆÄÁö¸¦ M1 type(¿°Áõ¼º)°ú M2 type(Ç׿°Áõ¼º)ÀÇ µÎ °¡Áö À¯ÇüÀ¸·Î ±¸ºÐÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸¶Å©·ÎÆÄÁöÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À» Áúº´ Ä¡·á¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÏ·Á´Â ¿¬±¸°¡ È°¹ßÈ÷ ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù [3]. M1 type ¸¶Å©·ÎÆÄÁö·Î ÀçÇÁ·Î±×·¡¹ÖÇÏ¿© Á¾¾ç ¼ºÀåÀ» ¾ïÁ¦Çϰųª, M2 type ¸¶Å©·ÎÆÄÁö·Î ºÐ±ØÈ(polarization)¸¦ À¯µµÇØ ÀÚ°¡¸é¿ªÁúȯ(autoimmune diseases)À» ¿ÏÈÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ±× ¿¹½Ã´Ù. ÀÌ ±Û¿¡¼´Â FBXO38(F-Box Protein 38)ÀÌ M2 type ¸¶Å©·ÎÆÄÁö ºÐ±Øȸ¦ À¯µµÇÏ¸ç ¾Ï(cancer)°ú Àå¿°(colitis)ÀÇ ¿¹ÈÄ¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ£´Ù´Â ¿¬±¸ °á°ú¸¦ º¸°íÇÑ ÃֽŠ³í¹®À» ¸®ºäÇÏ°í [4] ¸¶Å©·ÎÆÄÁö ±â¹Ý ¼¼Æ÷Ä¡·áÁ¦ °³¹ß ÇöȲÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù.
FBXO38Àº À¯ºñÄûƾÈ(ubiquitination)¿Í ÇÁ·ÎÅ×¾ÆÁ» ºÐÇØ(proteasome degradation)¸¦ ÅëÇؼ T¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ PD-1(Programmed cell death protein 1) ¹ßÇöÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Â ´Ü¹éÁú·Î, Á¾¾çħÀ± T ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼´Â FBXO38 ¹ßÇöÀÌ ÇÏÇâÁ¶Àý µÇ¾î PD-1 ¹ßÇöÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í Ç×Á¾¾ç È°¼ºÀÌ ÁÙ¾îµç´Ù´Â ¿¬±¸ °á°ú°¡ ÀÖ´Ù [5]. Á¾¾ç¿¬°ü¸¶Å©·ÎÆÄÁö(Tumor-associated macrophage, TAM)´Â Á¾¾ç¹Ì¼¼È¯°æ(tumormicroenvironment, TME)¿¡ dzºÎÇÏ°Ô ºÐÆ÷ÇÏ´Â M2¿Í À¯»çÇÑ ¸é¿ª¾ïÁ¦¼º¼¼Æ÷À̸ç [6], T¼¼Æ÷¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î PD-1À» ¹ßÇöÇÑ´Ù. Hou ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº ¸¶Å©·ÎÆÄÁö¿¡¼ÀÇ FBXO38ÀÇ ¹ßÇöÀÌ °¡Áö´Â ±â´ÉÀ» È®ÀÎÇϱâ À§ÇØ °ñ¼ö¼¼Æ÷ ƯÀÌÀûÀ¸·Î FBXO38ÀÌ °á¿©µÈ Fbxo38flox/floxLysMCre/- ¸¶¿ì½º(cKO)¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÏ¿´´Ù. WT(Fbxo38flox/flox
LysM-/-)¿Í cKO ¸¶¿ì½º ÇÇÇÏ¿¡ MC38À» ÁÖ»çÇÏ°í Á¾¾ç Å©±â¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÑ °á°ú, WT¿¡ ºñÇØ cKO ¸¶¿ì½ºÀÇ Á¾¾çÀÌ ´õ ÀÛ¾Ò´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, ¿°Áõ¼º »çÀÌÅäÄ«ÀÎ(Il6, Il1b, Tnfa) ¹ßÇö°ú PD-1, PD-L1 ¹ßÇöÀº WT¿Í cKO ¸¶¿ì½º TAM¿¡¼ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ¾ø¾úÁö¸¸, cKO ¸¶¿ì½ºÀÇ TAM¿¡¼ Arg1, Arg2, Fizz1, Il10, Tgfb, Socs1°ú °°Àº ¸é¿ª¾ïÁ¦¼º À¯ÀüÀÚ¿Í M2 type ¸¶Å©·ÎÆÄÁö ¸¶Ä¿ÀÎ CD206ÀÇ ¹ßÇöÀÌ ´õ ³·¾Ò´Ù. À̸¦ ÅëÇØ ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº Fbxo38ÀÌ TAMÀ¸·ÎÀÇ ºÐ±Øȸ¦ À¯µµÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀ» ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ³»¾ú´Ù. ¹Ý¸é, WT°ú cKO ¸¶¿ì½º¿¡ DSS(Dextran Sulfate Sodium)·Î Àå¿°À» À¯µµÇÑ °á°ú, WT¿¡ ºñÇØ cKO ¸¶¿ì½ºÀÇ Àå ±æÀÌ°¡ ´õ ª¾ÆÁö°í °áÀå(colon)¿¡¼ ´õ Å« ¿°ÁõÀÌ ÀÏ¾î³ °ÍÀÌ È®ÀεǾú´Ù.
Ãß°¡ÀûÀ¸·Î Fbxo38ÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô M2 type ºÐ±ØÈ¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Æº¸±â À§Çؼ ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº WT°ú Fbxo38 KO PEM¿¡ IL-4¿Í IL-13À» ó¸®ÇÏ¿© M2 typeÀ¸·Î À¯µµÇÏ°í RNA-seq¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÏ¿´´Ù. Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ °ËÁõ °úÁ¤À» ÅëÇØ MAPK(mitogen-activated protein kinases) ½ÅÈ£Àü´Þ °æ·Î¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ´Â ERK1/2, p38°ú M2 type ¸¶Å©·ÎÆÄÁöÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä Àü»çÀÎÀÚÀÎ IRF4(interferon regulatory factor 4)°¡ [7] FBXO38ÀÇ ÇÏÀ§¿¡¼ M2 type ¸¶Å©·ÎÆÄÁö ºÐ±Øȸ¦ À¯µµÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Æ³»¾ú´Ù (±×¸²1).
FBXO38ó·³ ¸¶Å©·ÎÆÄÁö ºÐ±ØÈ¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ´Â ÀÎÀÚ¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦Çϰųª È°¼ºÈÇÔÀ¸·Î½á Áúȯ¸¶´Ù ÀûÀýÇÑ Ç¥ÇöÇüÀÇ ¸¶Å©·ÎÆÄÁö¸¦ À¯µµÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù [4]. À̸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ È¯ÀÚ¿¡°Ô¼ ¾òÀº ¸¶Å©·ÎÆÄÁö¸¦ ex vivo¿¡¼ ¿øÇϴ ǥÇöÇüÀ¸·Î ºÐ±ØȽÃÅ°°í ÀÔ¾ç Àü´Þ(adoptive transfer)ÇÏ´Â ¹æ½ÄÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷Ä¡·á°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù [8, 9]. ÀÌ¿Ü¿¡µµ, Ä¡·áÁ¦ ÇÔÀ¯ ³ª³ëÀÔÀÚ¸¦ ¸¶Å©·ÎÆÄÁö¿¡ žÀçÇÏ¿© º´º¯ ƯÀÌÀûÀ¸·Î À̸¦ ¼ö¼ÛÇÏ·Á´Â ¿¬±¸¿Í [10] ƯÁ¤ ¾ÏÇ׿øÀ» ÀνÄÇÏ´Â Å°¸Þ¸¯Ç׿ø¼ö¿ëü(chimeric antigen receptor, CAR)¸¦ ¹ßÇöÇØ ³ôÀº ¾Ï ƯÀÌÀûÀÎ »ì»ó·ÂÀ» °®´Â ¸¶Å©·ÎÆÄÁö(CAR-M)¸¦ »ý»êÇÏ´Â ¿¬±¸ µî, ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¸¶Å©·ÎÆÄÁö ±â¹Ý ¼¼Æ÷Ä¡·áÁ¦ ¿¬±¸°¡ ÁøÇàµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù [11]. 2023³â ±âÁØ, ¸¶Å©·ÎÆÄÁö ¼¼Æ÷Ä¡·áÁ¦¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ÀÓ»ó ½ÃÇè ÇöȲÀº 11°ÇÀÌ¸ç µî·ÏµÈ ƯÇã´Â 200 ¿©°Ç ÀÌ»óÀÌ´Ù [3].
¾Õ¼ ¸»ÇßµíÀÌ ¸¶Å©·ÎÆÄÁö´Â ½Åü ´ëºÎºÐ¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ°í ȯ°æ¿¡ µû¸¥ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¸é¿ª, »ý¸®ÇÐÀû ¿ªÇÒÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸¶Å©·ÎÆÄÁöÀÇ Æ¯Â¡À» ÀûÀýÇÏ°Ô È°¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é ¿©·¯ ÁúȯÀÇ Ä¡·á¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¸¶Å©·ÎÆÄÁö ±â¹Ý ¼¼Æ÷Ä¡·áÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸´Â ¸Å³â ´õ Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â Ãß¼¼´Ù [3]. ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô ÇØ´ç Ä¡·á¸¦ Àû¿ëÇϱâ±îÁö À¯ÀüÀÚ Á¶ÀÛÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤¼º È®ÀÎ ¹× ´ë±Ô¸ð »ý»ê µîÀÇ ¿©·¯ °úÁ¦°¡ ³²¾ÆÀÖÁö¸¸, ¶Ù¾î³ ½Ä¼¼Æ÷ ´É·Â ¹× »óóġÀ¯ ´É·ÂÀ» °®Ãá ¸¶Å©·ÎÆÄÁöÀÇ ÀáÀç·Â°ú À¯¿¬¼ºÀ» °í·ÁÇغ¸¸é ¸¶Å©·ÎÆÄÁö ±â¹Ý ¼¼Æ÷Ä¡·áÁ¦ ¿¬±¸ÀÇ Àü¸ÁÀº ¹à¾Æ º¸ÀδÙ.
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