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  2014³â ÁîÀ½, ³ª´Â ´ÙÆ®¸Ó½º ´ëÇÐ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ Çаú¿¡¼­ ¹Ú»ç ÈÄ ¿¬±¸¿ø »ýÈ°À» Çϸ鼭 ºñÇ×ü ´Ü¹éÁú Ä¡·áÁ¦ÀÇ ¸é¿ª¿ø¼º(immunogenicity) Á¦°Å¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´ÙÁß ÃÖÀûÈ­ ¾Ë°í¸®ÁòÀ» °³¹ßÇÑ ÈÄ [1, 2], ´Ù¸¥ ¿©·¯ ¿¬±¸¿¡ ÀÀ¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´ø ÁßÀ̾ú´Ù [3, 4]. ´ç½Ã ´ÙÆ®¸Ó½º ÀÇ´ë¿¡¼­ °³¹ßÇÏ´ø CAR NK ¼¼Æ÷°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±× ¼¼Æ÷¿¡ ¾²ÀÏ scFv ¼­¿­À» Àΰ£È­(antibody humanization)ÇØ´Þ¶ó´Â ÀÇ·Ú°¡ µé¾î¿Ô´Ù. ±× Ç×ü°¡ ¸ðÁ¾ÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯·Î ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ CDR À̽ĹýÀÌ Àß ¾È µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. Ç×üÀΰ£È­¶ó´Â °Ô °á±¹ ¸é¿ª¿ø¼ºÀ» Á¦°ÅÇϱâ À§ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ï °³¹ßÇÑ ¾Ë°í¸®ÁòÀ» µµÀÔÇϸé ÇØ°áÀÌ µÉ±î ½Í¾î ¿¬¶ôÀÌ ¿Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ±â´ë¿Í ´Þ¸® ´ç½Ã ±× ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀº Ç×ü¿¡ ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾î¼­ ³»Ä£ ±è¿¡ Ç×ü Àΰ£È­¸¦ À§ÇÑ °è»ê ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ» ¾Æ¿¹ µû·Î °³¹ßÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù [5].
  »ç½Ç ³ª´Â Ç×ü¿Í °ü·ÃÇÑ ¿¬±¸´Â °¡´ÉÇÑ ±âÇÇÇÏ´Â ÁßÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀÌ¹Ì Ç×ü ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ¶Ù¾î³­ ¿¬±¸ÀÚ°¡ ±²ÀåÈ÷ ¸¹¾Ò°í, Ä¡·á¿ë/°ËÁø¿ë Ç×ü °³¹ßÀº »ê¾÷ü·Î ³Ñ¾î°£ »óȲÀÌ´Ù. ÇöÀç Á¦¾à ½ÃÀå¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ Æȸ®´Â ¾àÀº ´Ü¿¬ÄÚ Ç×ü´Ù [6]. ÇÏÁö¸¸, °è»ê »ý¹°Çаú ´Ü¹éÁú ¼³°è ±â¼úÀÌ ÀÌÁ¦ ½Å¾à°³¹ß¿¡ Çʼö µµ±¸°¡ µÇ¾úÀ½¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í, Ç×ü Àΰ£È­ °ü·Ã Àü¹® °è»ê ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀº °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ³í¹® ¸®ºä¾îµµ ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö ÀÌ·± ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀº µé¾îº» ÀûÀÌ ¾ø´Ù´Â ÆòÀ» ³²°å´Âµ¥, ±× ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ 2014³â ISMB¿Í IBC Ç×ü ÇÐȸ ¿¬·Ê ¸ðÀÓ¿¡ ÃÊû °­ÀÇ µîÀ¸·Î Âü¼®ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸é¼­ ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ³» ¿¬±¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æò°¡´Â ±Ø°ú ±ØÀ̾ú´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ¸ð ´ëÇü ´Ù±¹Àû Á¦¾àȸ»ç¿¡¼­ ¿À½Å ºÐÀÇ ½Å¶öÇÑ ÆòÀÌ Èï¹Ì·Î¿ü´Ù. Ç×ü Àΰ£È­´Â ÀÌ¹Ì Ç®¸° ¹®Á¦¶ó Çй®ÀûÀ¸·Îµµ Èï¹Ì°¡ ¾øÀ»»Ó´õ·¯, ȸ»ç ³» ¿¬±¸ ÆÀ¿¡ ±×·± À¯»çÇÑ °Ô ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó´Â ÆòÀ̾ú´Ù. ¹Ý¸é, ¼ÒÇü º¥Ã³ Á¦¾àȸ»ç, ȤÀº ´ëÇÐ ¿¬±¸½Ç µî¿¡¼­ ¿À½Å ºÐµéÀº Å« °ü½ÉÀ» º¸¿´´Ù. º¥Ã³¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù´Â ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÇÑ ±³¼ö´Â ÀÌ·± À̾߱⸦ ³»°Ô Çß´Ù. ¡°Ç×»ó ÀÌ·± °Ô ÀÖÀ¸¸é ÁÁ°Ú´Ù´Â »ý°¢À» Çß¾ú´Ù.¡±
  ±× »çÀÌ ½Ã°£ÀÌ È帣¸é¼­ Çй®¿¡µµ ¸¹Àº º¯È­°¡ »ý°å´Ù. SF ¼Ò¼³À̳ª ¿µÈ­, ȤÀº öÇÐÀÚµéÀÇ Èï¹Ì·Î¿î ³íÀï°Å¸® Á¤µµ¿´´ø ¡°ÀΰøÁö´É¡±ÀÌ Çö½Ç¿¡±îÁö µé¾î¿Í, ÀÌÁ¦´Â °Ç³Ê°¡Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¾È µÉ Å« È帧ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ÈùÆ°HintonÀÇ µö·¯´×[7]°ú 2012³â ÀÌÈÄ [8], ÀÌÁ¦ ÀΰøÁö´ÉÀº ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°úÇÐ»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Àü Çй® ¿µ¿ªÀ¸·Î ÀÀ¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Çѵ¿¾È Ç×ü ¿¬±¸¿Í °Å¸®¸¦ µÎ¾ú´ø ³ª´Â ³í¹® ¸®ºä¸¦ Çϸ鼭 Ç×ü °ü·Ã ³í¹®À» ´Ù½Ã ã¾Æº¸°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×°£ Ç×ü °øÇÐ ±â¼ú¿¡µµ ÀΰøÁö´É ¹Ù¶÷ÀÌ ºÒ°í ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó ±â´ëÇßÀ¸³ª ½ÇÁ¦´Â ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. 2019³â¿¡ µé¾î¼­¾ß µö·¯´× È°¿ë ³í¹®ÀÌ ³ª¿Â ÀÌÈÄ [9], Á¢±Ù °¡´ÉÇÑ ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ °³¹ßµÇÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¿¬±¸ ºÐ¾ß ÀÚüÀÇ ¼º¼÷µµ¿Í ÀΰøÁö´ÉÀÇ È°¿ë¼º, »ê¾÷ü·ÎÀÇ ÀÀ¿ë¼ºÀÌ ¸ðµÎ ÃæÁ·µÇ¾úÀ½¿¡µµ ±Ù 10³â °¡±î¿î ¼¼¿ù µ¿¾È Å« º¯È­°¡ ¾ø´Ù´Â °Ç Àǿܶó°í ¹Û¿¡ ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ¾î¼¸é ´ëÇü ´Ù±¹Àû Á¦¾àȸ»ç¿¡¼± ½Ã´ë¿¡ ¹ß¸ÂÃß¾î ³»ºÎÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ» ±¸ÃàÇØ ³õ¾ÒÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. Å«µ·À» ÅõÀÚÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸´Ï ±×µéÀº ¹º°¡ ¾öû³­ °É ÀÌ¹Ì Çسõ¾ÒÀ» °Å¾ß, ¶ó´Â °Ç ¾î¼¸é °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ¹ÏÀ½ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ª´Â ¾ó¸¶ Àü¿¡ ±¹³»ÀÇ ²Ï Å« ÇÑ Á¦¾à¾÷ü·ÎºÎÅÍ 2014³â¿¡ µé¾ú´ø °Í°ú À¯»çÇÑ À̾߱⸦ µè°í¾ß ¸»¾Ò´Ù. ¡°¾Æ¸¶ ´Ù±¹Àû ±â¾÷µéÀº ÀΰøÁö´É µµÀÔÇؼ­ ÀÌ¹Ì ³»ºÎÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀÌ ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ»±î¿ä? ¿ì¸®µµ ±×·± °Ô ÀÖ´Ù¸é Âü ÁÁÀ» °Í °°Àºµ¥ ¸»ÀÌÁÒ.¡±
  ¿Á½ºÆÛµå ´ëÇб³ Charlotte Deane ±³¼öÀÇ ´Ü¹éÁú Á¤º¸ÇÐ ¿¬±¸ÆÀ(Oxford Protein Informatics Group; OPIG)Àº ³»°¡ ¹Ú»ç °úÁ¤»ýÀ¸·Î ÀÖÀ» ¶§ óÀ½À¸·Î Ç×ü ¿¬±¸¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇØ Áö±ÝÀº Ç×ü °ü·Ã °è»ê ¹æ¹ý·Ð ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÁÖµµÇÏ´Â ¿¬±¸ ±×·ìÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×°£ Ç×ü ¿¬±¸¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ¿©·¯ °è»ê µµ±¸¿Í µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºµéÀ» Â÷±ÙÂ÷±Ù ±¸ÃàÇÏ´õ´Ï À۳⠰ܿï, Hu-mabÀ̶ó´Â Ç×ü Àΰ£È­ °è»ê ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ» À¥¼­¹ö·Î °ø°³ÇÏ¿´´Ù [10]. ÀÌ ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀº The observed antibody space database (OAS) [11]°¡ °ø°³µÇ¸é¼­ °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. Hu-mab ¼­¹ö´Â Å©°Ô Ç×üÀÇ Àΰ£È­ Á¤µµ(humanness)¸¦ Æò°¡ÇÏ´Â ±â´É°ú Youden¡¯s J statistic(YJS)À» ¸ñÀûÇÔ¼ö·Î ÇÏ¿© Àΰ£È­ ÇÏ´Â Ç×ü Àΰ£È­ ºÎºÐÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. Àΰ£È­ Á¤µµ´Â Random Forest (RF)·Î Àΰ£/ºñÀΰ£ Ç×ü¸¦ ±¸ºÐÇϴµ¥, ¾î´À V-gene¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏ´ÂÁö °á°ú·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁØ´Ù. ³í¹®¿¡ µû¸£¸é, Ä¡·á¿ë Ç×ü Áß Àΰ£ Ç×ü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤¹Ðµµ(precision)´Â 1ÀÌ´Ù. Ç×ü Àΰ£È­ ºÎºÐ¿¡´Â ¾î´À V-geneó·³ Àΰ£È­ ÇÒ Áö ¼±Åà °¡´ÉÇϸç, YJS °ªÀÇ ¹®ÅÎÁö¼ö¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Âü°í·Î ¸é¿ª¿ø¼ºÀÌ ¾Ë·ÁÁø 217°³ÀÇ Ç×ü¸¦ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÑ ÈÄÇ⿬±¸¿¡¼­´Â YJS °ªÀ» 0.9 ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î ÇßÀ» ½Ã ´Ü 1°³ÀÇ ¼­¿­À» Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°ï ¸ðµÎ ¸é¿ª¿ø¼ºÀÌ ³·Àº Ç×ü·Î ±¸ºÐÇØ ³»¾ú´Ù.
  Hu-mabÀÇ ¼º´É°ú ¾Æ¿ï·¯ ÁÖ¸ñÇÒ ºÎºÐÀº »ç¿ëÀÇ ÆíÀǼºÀÌ´Ù. ±×°£ OPIGÀÇ Ç×ü °ü·Ã ¿©·¯ À¥¼­ºñ½ºµé°ú °°Àº µðÀÚÀÎÀ¸·Î °£°áÇϸç ÅëÀϼº ÀÖ°Ô ±¸¼ºµÇ¾ú°í, ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º´Â Á÷°üÀûÀÌ´Ù. º¹ÀâÇÑ ¼³Á¤Àº ÈÄÇâ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÅëÇØ °¡Àå ÁÁÀº °á°ú¸¦ ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ±âº»°ªÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç »ç¿ëÀÚ´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î Ç×ü ¼­¿­¸¸ ³ÖÀ¸¸é ºü¸£°Ô °á°ú¸¦ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. OAS µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÀÌÈÄ, Hu-mab ¿Ü¿¡µµ BioPhi[12]¿Í °°Àº À¥¼­¹ö°¡ °ø°³µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç µö·¯´×À» È°¿ëÇÑ Ç×ü ¿¬±¸µéÀÌ ³ª¿À´Â ÁßÀÌ´Ù[13, 14].
  ¿Ö ÀÌ·± ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀÌ Áö±Ý±îÁö ³ª¿ÀÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÎºÐÀ» Â÷Ä¡ÇÏ°íµµ, Áö±ØÈ÷ °³ÀÎÀûÀ¸·Î Èï¹Ì·Î¿î ºÎºÐÀÌ Çϳª ´õ ÀÖ´Ù. Deane ±³¼ö´Â 2010³â ÀÌÀü¸¸ Çصµ ±â°èÇнÀÀ» È°¿ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸¿¡ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀÎ »ç¶÷À̾ú´Ù. ±â°èÇнÀ ȤÀº ÀΰøÁö´ÉÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀ̳ª °¡´É¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ È¸ÀÇ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±â°è°¡ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ·Î ¾ò¾î³½ ±ÔÄ¢À» Àΰ£ÀÌ ÁøÁ¤À¸·Î ÀÌÇØÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ̳Ĵ °úÇÐÀڷμ­ÀÇ È¸ÀÇ°¨ ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù.
  Ä® ¼¼ÀÌ°ÇÀÇ ¸»À» ºô¸®ÀÚ¸é ³ú°¡ ºüÁ®³ª°¥ Á¤µµ·Î ¿­¸®Áö¸¸ ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é ¿­¸° ¸¶À½Àº °úÇÐÀÚÀÇ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ´ö¸ñÀ̶ó ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×³à´Â ÃÖ±Ù 2022³â 1¿ù¿¡ µö·¯´×À» È°¿ëÇÑ Ç×ü ½ºÅ©¸®´× ³í¹®À» Çϳª ´õ Ãâ°£ÇÏ¿´´Ù [15]. ±×¸®°í, ÀΰøÁö´É ½Å¾à °³¹ß ȸ»çÀÎ, Exscientia¿¡ ¼ö¼® °úÇÐÀÚ °âÁ÷À¸·Î ÇÕ·ùÇÏ¿´´Ù.

• The Observed Antibody Space: http://opig.stats.ox.ac.uk/webapps/oas/
• Hu-mab: http://opig.stats.ox.ac.uk/webapps/newsabdab/sabpred/humab
• BioPhi: https://biophi.dichlab.org/

Âü°í¹®Çå

  • 1.

    Choi, Y., et al., EpiSweep: Computationally driven reengineering of therapeutic proteins to reduce immunogenicity while maintaining function, in Computational Protein Design. 2017, Springer. p. 375-398.

  • 2.

    Parker, A.S., et al., Structure-guided deimmunization of therapeutic proteins. Journal of Computational Biology, 2013. 20(2): p. 152-165.

  • 3.

    Blazanovic, K., et al., Structure-based redesign of lysostaphin yields potent antistaphylococcal enzymes that evade immune cell surveillance. Molecular Therapy-Methods & Clinical Development, 2015. 2: p. 15021.

  • 4.

    Salvat, R.S., et al., Computationally optimized deimmunization libraries yield highly mutated enzymes with low immunogenicity and enhanced activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2017. 114(26): p. E5085-E5093.

  • 5.

    Choi, Y., et al. Antibody humanization by structure-based computational protein design. in MAbs. 2015. Taylor & Francis.

  • 6.

    Urquhart, L., Top drugs and companies by sales in 2018. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2019: p. NA-NA.

  • 7.

    Hinton, G.E., Learning multiple layers of representation. Trends in cognitive sciences, 2007. 11(10): p. 428-434.

  • 8.

    Krizhevsky, A., I. Sutskever, and G.E. Hinton, Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. Advances in neural information processing systems, 2012. 25.

  • 9.

    Wollacott, A.M., et al., Quantifying the nativeness of antibody sequences using long short-term memory networks. Protein Engineering, Design and Selection, 2019. 32(7): p. 347-354.

  • 10.

    Marks, C., et al., Humanization of antibodies using a machine learning approach on large-scale repertoire data. Bioinformatics, 2021. 37(22): p. 4041-4047.

  • 11.

    Kovaltsuk, A., et al., Observed antibody space: a resource for data mining next-generation sequencing of antibody repertoires. The Journal of Immunology, 2018. 201(8): p. 2502-2509.

  • 12.

    Prihoda, D., et al., BioPhi: A platform for antibody design, humanization and humanness evaluation based on natural antibody repertoires and deep learning. bioRxiv, 2021.

  • 13.

    M©©okosiewicz, J., et al., AbDiver-A tool to explore the natural antibody landscape to aid therapeutic design. bioRxiv, 2021.

  • 14.

    Ruffolo, J.A., J. Sulam, and J.J. Gray, Antibody structure prediction using interpretable deep learning. Patterns, 2021: p. 100406.

  • 15.

    Schneider, C., et al., DLAB: deep learning methods for structure-based virtual screening of antibodies. Bioinformatics, 2022. 38(2): p. 377-383.

ÀúÀÚ¾à·Â

  • 1998-2005

    ¼º±Õ°ü´ëÇб³, ¹®Çлç, ÀÌÇлç (öÇÐ, Áß±¹Ã¶ÇÐ, ¹°¸®ÇÐ)

  • 2005-2006

    King¡¯s College London, MSc (Mathematics)

  • 2007-2012

    The University of Oxford (St. Cross College), DPhil (Statistics)

  • 2012-2016

    Dartmouth College (Computer Science), Research Associate

  • 2020-ÇöÀç

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