¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÇൿÀ» À¯¹ßÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÀÏÂ÷ÀûÀ¸·Î ±Ù¿øÀûÀÎ °¨Á¤°ú ¿å±¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¹è°¡ °íÇÁ¸é À½½ÄÀ» ã°í, ¾îµÎ¿òÀÌ ¹«¼¿ì¸é ºûÀ» ã½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¸µí ´Ù¾çÇÑ °¨°¢Á¤º¸¸¦ ¼ö¿ëÇÏ°í ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀûÀýÇÑ ÇൿÀ» ÃëÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ÁßÃßÀûÀÎ ¿ªÈ°À» ´ã´çÇÏ´Â ½Åü±â°üÀº ³úÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¹è°íÇÄÀ» ÀνÄÇÏ´Â ³ú¿µ¿ªÀ¸·Î ½Ã»óÀÇ ³ú½ÇÃøÇÙÀÌ ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, °øÆ÷°¨À» Çü¼ºÇÏ°í Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Â ÁÖ¿ä ³ú¿µ¿ªÀº ÆíµµÃ¼ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ½Ã»ó, ÆíµµÃ¼¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â º¯¿¬°è ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ÁÖ·Î Èñ·Î¾Ö¶ô°ú °°Àº Á¤¼¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇϸç, ÇнÀÀ» °ÈÇÏ°í, µ¿±â À¯¹ß¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¹«±â·ÂÇÔ, ±Ø½ÉÇÑ ºÒ¾È, ÃÊÁ¶, »çȸ¼º °áÇ̵î ÀÏ»ó»ýÈ°¿¡ ¾î·Á¿òÀ» ÃÊ·¡ÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â ¿ì¿ïÁõ, ºÒ¾ÈÀå¾Ö, ÀÚÆóÁõ µîÀÇ ÁúȯÀº Á¤¼¡¤ÀÎÁö±â´ÉÀ» ´ã´çÇÏ´Â ³ú¿µ¿ª, ¶Ç´Â ³ú¿µ¿ª°£ ¿¬°á¼ºÀÇ ¼Õ»óÀ¸·Î ¹ßº´ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
³ú´Â º¹ÀâÇÑ »ý¹°ÇÐÀû ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ¸·Î ÈïºÐ¼º ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷, ¾ïÁ¦¼º ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷, ¼º»ó±³¼¼Æ÷, ¹Ì¼¼ ¾Æ±³¼¼Æ÷µî ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¼¼Æ÷ŸÀÔÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ® ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, °°Àº ³ú¿µ¿ª¿¡ ¸ðÀÎ ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷°£¿¡µµ ¼±ÅÃÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ßÇöÇÏ´Â ºÐÀÚ¸¶Ä¿¿¡ µû¶ó ƯÁ¤ ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷ŸÀÔÀ¸·Î ±¸º°µË´Ï´Ù. 1000¾ï°³°¡ ³Ñ´Â ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷´Â ½Ã³À½º¶ó´Â ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ½Å°æȸ·Î¸¦ Çü¼ºÇÏ°í, Àü±âÀû, ÈÇÐÀû ¹ÝÀÀÀÇ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÅëÇØ ´Ù¸¥ ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷¿¡ Á¤º¸¸¦ Àü´ÞÇÏ¿© ƯÁ¤ Çൿ¾ç½ÄÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷°£ÀÇ ¼ÒÅëÀº Àü ½Ã³À½º¿¡¼ ºÐºñµÇ´Â ½Å°æÀü´Þ¹°ÁúÀÌ ÈÄ ½Ã³À½ºÀÇ ½Å°æÀü´Þ¹°Áú ¼ö¿ëü¿Í °áÇÕÇÏ¿© Á¤º¸°¡ Àü´ÞµÇ¸ç, ¼ö¿ëü´Â ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷³» ½ÅÈ£Àü´Þü°è¸¦ È°¼ºÈ½Ãŵ´Ï´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷¸¸ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¼º»ó±³¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼µµ ½Å°æÀü´Þ¹°ÁúÀÌ ºÐºñµÇ¾î ½Å°æȸ·Î¿¡ ±â¿©Çϸç [1,2], ¼º»ó±³¼¼Æ÷ ¹× ¹Ì¼¼¾Æ±³¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ °æ¿ì ½Ã³À½º Á¦°Å¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ´Â ±âÀÛ [3]À» ÅëÇØ ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Á¤º¸ 󸮰úÁ¤¿¡ Å©°Ô °ü¿©ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹àÇôÁ³½À´Ï´Ù [4].
ÀÎÁöÁú ºÐÇØÈ¿¼Ò C (PLC, phospholipase C)´Â ¼¼Æ÷¸·¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇϴ Ƽ·Î½Å Ä«À̳×ÀÌÁî ¼ö¿ëü (Trk, tyrosin kianse receptor) ¶Ç´Â G´Ü¹éÁú °áÇÕ ¼ö¿ëü (GPCR, G-protein coupled receptor)°¡ °¢ ³úÀ¯·¡ ½Å°æ ¼ºÀå ÀÎÀÚ (BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor) ¶Ç´Â ±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ® (glutamate) ÀÇÇØ È°¼ºÈµÇ¾î phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)¸¦ inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)¿Í diacylglycerol (DAG) °¡¼öºÐÇØÇÏ´Â ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌÈÄ ÀÌÂ÷ ¸Þ½ÅÀúÀÎ IP3´Â ¼ÒÆ÷üÀÇ IP3 ¼ö¿ëü¸¦ È°¼ºÈ½ÃÄÑ ¼¼Æ÷Áú¿¡ Ä®½·À» ¹æÃâ½ÃÅ°°í, ´Ù¸¥ ÀÌÂ÷ ¸Þ½ÅÀúÀÎ DAG´Â PKC¿Í °°Àº Ä«À̳×ÀÌÁ È°¼ºÈ½ÃÄÑ ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ È°¼ºÀ» À¯µµÇÏ°í, ½Ã³À½º °È, ½Ã³À½º À̿ ä³Î ÀλêÈ¿Í °°Àº ½Å°æȸ·Î º¯È¸¦ À¯µµÇÕ´Ï´Ù[5,6,7]. ÀÌ·¸µí ÁÖ¿äÇÑ ¼¼Æ÷ ¹ÛÀÇ º¯È¿Í ¼¼Æ÷ ³» º¯È¸¦ Áß°³ÇÏ´Â PLC´Â ¼¼Æ÷³» Ä®½· ³óµµ Á¶Àý°ú ¼¼Æ÷³» ½ÅÈ£Àü´Þ°æ·Î¿¡¼ÀÇ ±³Â÷Á¡°ú °°´Ù°í ÇÏ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ ±Û¿¡¼´Â ³ú¿¡¼ PLCÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ µ¿À§Ã¼(isoform)¿Í À̵éÀÇ ºÐÆ÷. ¶ÇÇÑ ´Ù¾çÇÑ PLC°¡ ½Ã³À½º ¹× ½Å°æ °¡¼Ò¼º¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÒ±î ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ °ü·ÃµÈ Á¤¼ÀÎÁöÀå¾Ö¸¦ ¼Ò°³ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á À̸¦ Ä¡·áÇÒ ¼ö Àִ ǥÀûÀ¸·Î¼ PLCÀÇ ÀáÀç·ÂÀ» Á¶¸íÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
PLC´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ µ¿À§Ã¼¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÇöÀç±îÁö PLC¥â1-4, PLC¥ã1,2, PLC¥ä1,3,4, PLC¥å, PLC¥æ, PLC¥ç1, 2 °¡ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ µ¿À§Ã¼µéÀº Å©°Ô 1Â÷ ¹× 2Â÷ PLC·Î ºÐ·ùµÇ¸ç, 1Â÷ PLC´Â ¼ö¿ëü·ÎºÎÅÍ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î È°¼ºÈµÇ´Â ´Ü¹éÁú·Î, PLC¥â, PLC°¡ ÀÌ¿¡ ¼ÓÇÕ´Ï´Ù. PLC¥â´Â ¹«½ºÄ«¸°¼º ¾Æ¼¼Æ¿Äݸ° ¼ö¿ëü(mAChRs)¿Í °°Àº G´Ü¹éÁú °áÇÕ ¼ö¿ëü(GPCR)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Æ¯ÀÌÀûÀ¸·Î È°¼ºÈµÇ¸ç, PLC¥ã´Â ³ú À¯·¡ ½Å°æ¼ºÀå ÀÎÀÚ (BDNF) ¼ö¿ëü¿Í °°Àº ¼ö¿ëü Ƽ·Î½Å Ä«À̳×ÀÌÁî(RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ È°¼ºÈµË´Ï´Ù. ÇÑÆí PLC¥å, PLC¥ç°¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ 2Â÷ PLC´Â 1Â÷ PLC¿Í ´Þ¸® ¼ö¿ëü·ÎºÎÅÍ Á÷Á¢ È°¼ºÈµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, 1Â÷ PLCÀÇ ÀÛ¿ë¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ³ô¾ÆÁø ¼¼Æ÷Áú Ä®½· ³óµµ¸¦ °¨ÁöÇÏ¿© È°¼ºÈµÇ´Âµ¥, 2Â÷ PLC´Â 1Â÷ PLC·ÎºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛµÈ Ä®½· ½ÅÈ£Àü´Þ °æ·Î¿¡ ¾ç¼º Çǵå¹éÀ» ÀÏÀ¸ÄÑ ½ÅÈ£¸¦ ÁõÆø½ÃŲ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ 1Â÷ PLC¿Í ±¸º°µÇ´Â ±â´ÉÀÔ´Ï´Ù [5,7,8].
³ú¿¡¼ PLC µ¿À§Ã¼µéÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ³ú ¿µ¿ª¿¡¼ »óÀÌÇÑ ¹ßÇö¾ç»óÀ» º¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. °°Àº µ¿À§Ã¼°¡ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ³ú ¿µ¿ª¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ºÐÆ÷Çϱ⵵ Çϸç, ¼±ÅÃÀûÀÎ ³ú¿µ¿ª¿¡¼¸¸ ¹ßÇöÇϱ⵵ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¶Ç´ÂPLC¥â1 ¿Í PLC¥ã1°¡ Çظ¶¿¡¼ ÇÔ²² ¹ßÇöµÇ´Â °Íó·³ ¿©·¯ µ¿À§Ã¼°¡ µ¿½Ã¿¡ °°Àº ³ú¿µ¿ª¿¡¼ ³ªÅ¸³ª±âµµ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
³ú¿¡¼ °¡Àå µÎµå·¯Áö°Ô ¹ßÇöÇÏ´Â PLC µ¿À§Ã¼´Â PLC¥â1-4, PLC¥ã1, PLC¥å ±×¸®°í PLC¥çÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌÁß °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ ¹ßÇöÇÏ´Â µ¿À§Ã¼ ±×·ìÀº PLC¥â1·Î¼, Çظ¶¿Í ´ë³ú ÇÇÁú¿¡¼ À¯ÀǹÌÇÏ°Ô ¹ßÇöµÇ¸ç, ƯÈ÷ ¼Ò³úÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷(cerebellar interneurons, telencephalic principal neurons)¿¡¼ ¿ì¼¼ÇÏ°Ô ¹ßÇöµË´Ï´Ù. PLC¥â2´Â ¹Ì·Ú¿Í ¹Ì°¢ ±â°ü ¹ß´ÞÀÇ ºÐÈ ¸¶Ä¿·Î »ç¿ëµË´Ï´Ù PLC¥â3´Â Àΰ£ ¿øÃßÇü ±¤¼ö¿ëü ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼ ³ªÅ¸³ª¸ç, PLC¥â4´Â ¹è¾Æ ÈıâºÎÅÍ ¼Ò³ú, ¸Á¸·, ¼Ò³ú Ǫ¸£Å²¿¹ ¼¼Æ÷ (purkinje cell)¿¡¼ ÁÖ·Î ¹ßÇöµË´Ï´Ù [5,7].
PLC¥ã1Àº Çظ¶, ÆíµµÃ¼, Àü³ú¿¡¼ µÎµå·¯Áö°Ô ¹ßÇöµÇ¸ç ƯÈ÷ žÆÀÇ ³ú ¹ß´Þ Áß ¹æ»ç»ó ½Å°æ±³¼¼Æ÷¿¡ dzºÎÇÏ°Ô ¹ßÇöµË´Ï´Ù. PLC¥ã2´Â ³úÇϼöü Àü¿±°ú ¼Ò³ú Ǫ¸£Å²¿¹ ¹× °ú¸³ ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Á¦ÇÑµÈ ¿µ¿ª¿¡¼ ³ªÅ¸³ª¸ç, ¹Ì¼¼¾Æ±³¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼ ÁÖ·Î ¹ßÇöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. PLC¥å´Â ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷ °èÅë ºÐÈ¿Í °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¹è¾Æ ´Ü°èÀÇ ½Å°æ°ü °¡Àå ¹Ù±ùÃþ°ú ³ú, ô¼ö, ÈÄ°¢ »óÇÇ, ¸Á¸·ÀÇ °¡ÀåÀÚ¸® ¿µ¿ª¿¡ ÁַΠdzºÎÇÕ´Ï´Ù. PLC¥ä4´Â ³ú¿Í Àç»ý Á¶Á÷¿¡¼ ¹ßÇöÀÌ ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. °¡Àå ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ¹ß°ßµÈPLC¥ç´Â »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ³ú¿¡¼ °ÇÑ ¹ßÇöÀ» º¸À̸ç, PLC¥ç2ÀÇ °æ¿ì ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷ ¼±ÅÃÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ßÇöÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù [7,9,10,11].
ÀÌ·¸µí ´Ù¸éÀûÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â PLC µ¿À§Ã¼ÀÇ ¹ßÇö ÆÐÅÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÇØ ¹× º¹ÀâÇÑ »óÈ£ ÀÛ¿ë, È°¼ºÈ ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁò, ³ú »ý¸®Çп¡¼ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ³ú ±â´ÉÀÇ º¹À⼺À» Ç®±â À§ÇÑ Áß¿äÇÑ ½Ç¸¶¸®¸¦ Ç°°í ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¸¸¼º °£ ¿°Áõ Áúȯ°ú NLRP3 ÀÎÇöó¸¶Á»Àº ¹ÐÁ¢ÇÑ »ó°ü°ü°è°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Áö¹æ°£¿° ¹× °£°æº¯ ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô¼ ´ëüÀûÀ¸·Î °£ ³» NLRP3, IL-1¥â, IL-18, ¹× caspase-1ÀÇ ¹ßÇö ¹× È°¼ºÀÌ Áõ°¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù [12,13]. °£ÀÇ ÀÎÇöó¸¶Á» È°¼ºÈ´Â °£ ³» ¸é¿ª¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ À¯ÀÔ, ¿°Áõ À¯µµ, °£ ¼¶À¯ÈÁõÀ» À¯¹ß½ÃÅ°´Â ÁÖ¿ä °£ Áúȯ ÀÎÀÚÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦, NLRP3, ASC, ¹× caspase-1ÀÇ ÀÎÇöó¸¶Á» º¹ÇÕü°¡ °áÇÌÀÌ µÇ¸é °£¼¼Æ÷ »ç¸ê, ¿°Áõ ¹× °£ ¼¶À¯ÈÁõÀÌ ¿ÏȵǴ °ÍÀ» ÅëÇØ ÀÎÇöó¸¶Á»ÀÌ °£ Áúȯ¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâÀ» ½ÇÇèÀûÀ¸·Î È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù [14,15,16]. ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ NLRP3 inhibitor Áß ÇϳªÀÎ ÀúºÐÀÚÈÇÕ¹° MCC950À» ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»ê °áÇÌ (methionine-choline deficient; MCD) ½ÄÀÌ¿ä¹ý À¯µµ NASH ¸¶¿ì½º ¸ðµ¨¿¡ ó¸®ÇÏ¸é °£ÀÇ ¿°Áõ, Áö¹æ ÃàÀû, ¼¶À¯ÈÁõÀÌ ¿Ï鵃 ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù [17]. ÀÌ´Â, °£ ³» NLRP3 ÀÎÇöó¸¶Á» ¸Å°³ IL-1¥â ¹× IL-18 »çÀÌÅäÄ«ÀÎÀÌ °£ ÁúȯÀÇ ÁøÇà¿¡ ÀÖ¾î Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÔÀ» ½Ã»çÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
PLC¥â µ¿À§Ã¼, ƯÈ÷ PLC¥â1Àº ³úÀÇ ¹ß´Þ°ú ±â´É¿¡ ÇʼöÀûÀÎ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. PLC¥â1Àº Á¤»óÀûÀÎ ´ë³ú ÇÇÁú ȸ·ÎÀÇ È°µ¿ ÀÇÁ¸Àû ¹ß´Þ ¹× ´ë³ú ÇÇÁúÀÇ ½Å°æ°¡¼Ò¼º¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. PLC¥â1Àº ´ë»ç¼º ±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ® ¼ö¿ëü(mGluR, metabotropic glutamate receptor) ¹× ¹«½ºÄ«¸°-Äݸ°¼º ¼ö¿ëü(mAChR, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor)¿Í °°Àº ƯÁ¤ ¼ö¿ëüÀÇ È°¼ºÈ¸¦ ÅëÇØ Ä®½· ½ÅÈ£¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇÕ´Ï´Ù. À̸¦ ÅëÇØ PLC¥â1Àº ¶ÇÇÑ ¼¼Æ÷ ÁÖ±â ÁøÇà ¹× ¼¼Æ÷ Áõ½Ä Á¶Àý¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î »ý°¢µË´Ï´Ù. ÇÑÆí ¼º»ó±³¼¼Æ÷ µµÆĹο¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¼¼Æ÷³» Ä®½· Áõ°¡°¡ °üÂûµÇ´Âµ¥, ÀÌ ¶ÇÇÑ G´Ü¹éÁú °áÇÕ ¼ö¿ëüÀÎ µµÆĹΠ¼ö¿ëü¿Í »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â PLC¥â µ¿À§Ã¼¿Í ¿¬°üÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿©°ÜÁý´Ï´Ù [8,18].
PLC¥ã µ¿À§Ã¼ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â, PLC¥ã1°¡ ³ú¿¡ ÁÖ¿äÇÏ°Ô ¹ßÇöÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, BDNF-TrkBÇÏÀ§ ½ÅÈ£Àü´Þ°æ·Î Áß¿ä ºÐÀÚ¹°Áú·Î, PLC¥ã´Â ½Å°æ ¼¼Æ÷ ºÎÂø ºÐÀÚ(NCAM, neural cell adhesion molecule)¿ÍÀÇ Çù·ÂÀ» ÅëÇØ ½Å°æ ¼¼Æ÷ ºÐȸ¦ ÃËÁøÇÏ¿© Çظ¶ ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Ä®½· ¼öÁØÀ» Áõ°¡½Ãŵ´Ï´Ù. PLC¥ã1Àº ½Å°æ ¼¼Æ÷ À̵¿, ½Å°æ ¼¼Æ÷ ¼º¼÷ Áß Ä®½·ÀÌ¿ÂÀÇ ÀÚ¹ßÀû Áøµ¿ÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ, ½Ã³À½º Àü/ÈÄ ¼öÁØ¿¡¼ÀÇ ½Å°æ Àü´Þ Á¶Àý¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ¿©, ±Û·çŸ¸ÞÀÌÆ®, °¡¹Ù(GABA, ¥ã-aminobutyric acid) °°Àº ½Å°æÀü´Þ¹°ÁúÀÇ ¹æÃâÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÏ°í ½Å°æ ¹ß´Þ°ú °¡¼Ò¼º¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ÇнÀ°ú ±â¾ïÀ» ÀúÀåÇÏ´Â ½Ã³À½º ±âÀüÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø Àå±â ½Ã³À½º °È (LTP, long-term potentiation)¿¡ PLC¥ã1ÀÌ ¸Å°³ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù [6,8,19]. ÇÑÆí ¹Ì¼¼¾Æ±³¼¼Æ÷¿¡ ¼±ÅÃÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ßÇöÇÏ´Â PLC¥ã2´Â ¸é¿ª°ü¹®ºÐÀÚÀÎ TREM2(Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ È°¼ºÈµÇ¸ç, ³ú³» ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¹°ÁúµéÀ» û¼ÒÇÏ´Â ÀÛ¿ëÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù [20].
´Ù¸¥ µ¿À§Ã¼µéÀº PLC¥â ¶Ç´Â PLC¥ã µ¿À§Ã¼¿¡ ºñÇؼ´Â ¸¹ÀÌ ¿¬±¸µÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸³ª, PLC¥ä´Â ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷¸· ¼¼·ÎÅä´Ñ ¼ö¿ëü·ÎºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀ۵Ǵ ½Å°æ°æ·Î¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á µÎ°³¾È¸é ¹× ½ÉÇ÷°ü ÇüÅ Çü¼º¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. PLC¥ä´Â M-ŸÀÔ Ä®·ý ä³ÎÀÇ °³Æó »óŸ¦ Á¶ÀýÇÏ°í »êÈÁú¼Ò(NO) ¸Å°³ È°¼ºÈ¸¦ ÅëÇØ N-¸ÞÆ¿-D-¾Æ½ºÆĸ£Æ®»ê¿°(NMDA, N-methyl-D-aspartate)¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ½Ã³À½º ÈïºÐ°ú ½Å°æ ¹ß»ý¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î »ý°¢µË´Ï´Ù. [6,8] ÇÑÆí PLC¥çÀÇ µ¹¿¬º¯ÀÌ´Â Àΰ£ Å¾ƹߴ޿¡¼ ÀüÀü³úÁõ (holoprosencephaly) º¸°í°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÚÆóÁõ ȯÀÚ ³ú¿¡¼ À¯ÀüÀû º¯ÀÌ°¡ ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù [12,10].
³úÀüÁõ ³úº´Áõ. [13]
Á¶Çöº´[14,15]
¿ì¿ïÁõ[16,17]
¿îµ¿½ÇÁ¶Áõ ¹× ½Ã°¢ ÀÌ»ó. [21]
½Ã»ó¿¡¼ ¼ö¸é Á¶Àý. [22]
¾ç±Ø¼º Àå¾Ö[23]
³úÀüÁõ[24]
ÇåÆÃÅÏ º´[25]
¿ì¿ïÁõ[26]
¾ËÃ÷ÇÏÀ̸Ӻ´[27]
½Å°æ ¿°Áõ¿¡ °ü¿©[28]
°á¼Õ½Ã ÅÂ¾Æ ÀüÀü³úÁõ À¯¹ß[12], ÀÚÆóÁõ[10]
ÃÖ±Ù ¿¬±¸¿¡¼ PLC´Â ´ë³ú ÇÇÁú, Çظ¶, ÆíµµÃ¼, ¼Ò³úµîÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ³ú¿µ¿ª¿¡¼ °ÇÑ ¹ßÇöÀÌ È®ÀεǾúÀ¸¸ç, ³ú Áúȯ¿¡¼ ÁÖ¿ä µ¿À§Ã¼ÀÎ PLC¥â1¿Í PLC¥ã1¿ÍÀÇ »ó°ü¼ºÀÌ ¹àÇôÁ³½À´Ï´Ù.
³úÀüÁõ¿¡¼PLC¥â1°ú PLC¥ã1ÀÇ µÎ °¡Áö PLC µ¿À§Ã¼°¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ º¸°íµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. PLC¥â1 °áÇÌ ¸¶¿ì½º´Â ½É°¢ÇÑ °Á÷¼º ¹ßÀÛÀ» º¸¿´À¸¸ç [29], ¾ïÁ¦¼º ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼ PLC¥ã1°áÇÌ ¸¶¿ì½º¿¡¼µµ ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÎ °úÈ°¼ºÀÌ ¾ß±âµÇ¾î, ³úÀüÁõÀ» À¯¹ßÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ³½À´Ï´Ù [24]. Àΰ£¿¡¼ PLC¥â1 À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ µ¿Çü Á¢ÇÕ °á½ÇÀº À¯¾Æ±â ½Ã±âÀÇ ¹ßÀÛ°ú °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù [13].
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¿ì¿ïÁõÀº PLC¥â1°ú PLC¥ã1 ¸ðµÎ¿Í °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. PLC¥â1ÀÇ °æ¿ì ½ºÆ®·¹½º¸¦ ÅëÇÑ ¿ì¿ïÇൿ À¯µµ µ¿¹° ¸ðµ¨¿¡¼ mRNAÀÇ ¹ßÇöÀÌ °¨¼ÒÇÏ°í, Ç׿ì¿ïÁ¦¸¦ ó¸®ÇÏ¿´À» ¶§ ¹ßÇö·®ÀÌ È¸º¹µÇ´Â º¯È°¡ È®ÀεǾú½À´Ï´Ù [7]. ÇÑÆí ¿ì¿ïÁõ¿¡¼ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â ³ú ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ À§Ãà ¹× ¼¼Æ÷È°¼º °¨¼Ò°¡ BDNF-TrkB ½ÅÈ£Àü´Þ°æ·ÎÀÇ ¼èÅð¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹àÇôÁö°í Àִµ¥, À̸¦ ¸Å°³ÇÏ´Â PLC¥ã1ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ¿¡µµ °ü½ÉÀÌ ¸ð¾ÆÁý´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ¿Ü¿¡µµ ¾ç±Ø¼º Àå¾Ö, Á¶Çöº´°ú °°ÀÌ ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÎ ½Å°æÈ°¼º ±ÕÇüÀÌ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø Á¤¼ÀÎÁöÁúȯ¿¡ À־µ PLC¥â1 ¹× PLC¥ã1ÀÌ ¿¬°üµÆÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó´Â °¡¼³ÀÌ ²ÙÁØÈ÷ Á¦±âµË´Ï´Ù.
»ó¿°»öü ¿ì¼º ´ë³ú¹éÁúÀ§ÃàÁõ(ADLD, Autosomal dominant leukodystrophy)ÀÇ º´¸®Àû ±âÀü¿¡ ¶ó¹Î B1¿ÍÀÇ ¿¬°ü¼ºÀÌ ½Ã»çµÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ¶ó¹Î B1°ú »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â PLC¥â1°ú ¿¬°üÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿îµ¿ ½ÇÁ¶ÁõÀº ¸Á¸·, ¼Ò³ú¿¡¼ PLC¥â4ÀÇ ³ôÀº ¹ßÇö°ú °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ´Â PLC¥â4 ½ÅÈ£ Àü´ÞÀÇ ±â´É Àå¾Ö°¡ ¿îµ¿ ½ÇÁ¶Áõ ¹× ½Ã°¢ ó¸® °áÇÔ°ú °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À» ½Ã»çÇÕ´Ï´Ù [7].
PLC¥ç´Â µ¿À§Ã¼ÀÇ Á¾·ù¿¡ µû¶ó ¼¼Æ÷ŸÀÔ ¼±ÅÃÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤¼ÀÎÁö¸¦ ´ã´çÇÏ´Â ³ú¿µ¿ªµé¿¡ ¹ßÇöÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Ë·ÁÁ³À¸¸ç, ÇâÈÄ ³úÁúȯ°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ±× ±â´É¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
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¶ÇÇÑ ¡°¿Ö ±×·¸°Ô ¸¹Àº PLC µ¿Á¾È¿¼Ò°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´ÂÁö, ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ µ¿Á¾È¿¼Ò°¡ °¢ ¼¼Æ÷ ¶Ç´Â Á¶Á÷ À¯Çü¿¡¼ ¾î¶»°Ô ÀûÀýÇÏ°Ô È°¿ë¡± µÇ´Â Áö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Å½±¸°¡ À̾îÁ®¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù [5]. ¾Æ¸¶µµ, º¹ÀâÇÑ ³úÀÇ Á¤±³ÇÑ ÀÛµ¿ Á¶ÀýÀ» À§Çؼ´Â ½Å°æÀü´Þ¹°Áú°ú ¼ö¿ëüµé °£ÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¶ÇÕ¿¡ ´õÇÏ¿© PLCµ¿À§Ã¼µé ÅëÇÑ ½ÅÈ£Àü´Þ °æ·ÎÀÇ ¸¹Àº °æ¿ìÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ ÅëÇÑ Á¤º¸Àü´Þ, ¼ÒÅë ü°è°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ°Ô µÈ °ÍÀ¸·Î »ý°¢µË´Ï´Ù. PLCÀÇ ´Ù¸éÀûÀÎ ¿ªÇÒ°ú »óÈ£ ¼ÒÅë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸´Â º¹ÀâÇÑ ³ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÐÀÚÀû ÀÌÇØÀÇ ÁøÀüÀÏ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Á¤¼ ÀÎÁö Àå¾Ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀáÀçÀûÀÎ Ä¡·á¸¦ ÇâÇÑ ±æÀÏ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
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